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Tuesday, November 3, 2026

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Market Commentary

Brent Flash Crashes $6 Before Rebounding Towards $104

Brent crude experienced a significant flash crash, plummeting over $6 per barrel from $107.24 to $100.80 before recovering to around $104. This volatility was driven by conflicting reports regarding U.S.-Iran peace negotiations, which have created uncertainty in the market. The sharp selloff followed a notable 7.6% decline on Monday, leaving Brent at $104.77, indicating a fragile market sentiment. The initial rebound was sparked by reports of U.S. military strikes on Iran's Qeshm Island, a strategic location near the Strait of Hormuz, which heightened geopolitical tensions and typically supports higher oil prices. However, the subsequent reversal highlights the market's sensitivity to news and the precarious balance between supply concerns and diplomatic developments. Investors should be cautious as these fluctuations reflect underlying instability in the energy markets, particularly with the potential for further escalations in the region. The rapid price movements suggest that traders are reacting to real-time developments, emphasizing the need for close monitoring of geopolitical events. As Brent stabilizes around $104, the market remains on edge, with any new information potentially triggering further volatility. The interplay between military actions and diplomatic efforts will be crucial in determining the direction of oil prices in the near term. Overall, the current environment underscores the importance of geopolitical factors in shaping market dynamics, as well as the ongoing influence of U.S. production levels and global demand signals.

Market Commentary

Dubai Benchmark Slips Into Contango for the First Time Since July

Dubai benchmark prices have slipped into contango for the first time since July, signaling a shift in market dynamics as rising oil flows from the Middle East begin to outpace demand. This development follows a period of increased physical flows, attributed to Gulf producers ramping up shuttle-shipping operations through the Strait of Hormuz, particularly utilizing ship-to-ship transfers in the Gulf of Oman. The contango situation indicates that traders expect future prices to be higher than current prices, which often reflects oversupply in the market. The recent uptick in oil availability comes after a three-week U.S.-Iran ceasefire that allowed millions of barrels to transit the Strait without disruption. As supply continues to rise, it raises concerns about the sustainability of current price levels, particularly if demand does not keep pace. Investors should closely monitor how this oversupply impacts overall market sentiment and pricing strategies. The shift in the Dubai benchmark could also influence other regional benchmarks, potentially leading to broader implications for global oil prices. With the market now facing a potential glut, the pressure on prices may increase, especially if demand signals remain weak. This situation underscores the importance of geopolitical developments and their direct impact on supply chains and pricing structures in the oil market. As we move forward, the interplay between supply increases and demand recovery will be crucial in determining the trajectory of oil prices.

Market Commentary

BC-Crude Oil Futures

Crude oil prices are experiencing a slight decline, with Light Sweet Crude for December delivery trading at $95.82 per barrel, down $0.64. The market opened at $96.30 and reached a high of $98.82, indicating some volatility within the session. Trading volume has been robust, with 232,390 contracts exchanged so far today, although this is lower than Monday's volume of 357,697 contracts. The January contract is also down, currently at $94.41, reflecting a broader trend of decreasing prices across the futures spectrum. The February and March contracts are similarly lower, suggesting that bearish sentiment may be taking hold among traders. This downward pressure could be attributed to a combination of factors, including potential shifts in demand forecasts and ongoing geopolitical tensions that may be impacting market stability. Additionally, the strength of the dollar and inflationary concerns could be weighing on investor sentiment, leading to cautious trading behavior. As prices hover near the $95 mark, investors should monitor inventory data and refinery capacity closely, as these factors will be critical in determining the near-term direction of oil prices. Overall, the current market dynamics suggest a period of consolidation, with potential for further fluctuations as new data emerges.

Market Commentary

Veeva Systems (VEEV): Turning Industry Expertise into Growth

Crude prices are facing downward pressure as concerns about inflation and sustainability weigh heavily on market sentiment. The Russell 3000 Growth Index's stagnation in Q3 2026 reflects a broader shift in investor focus, moving away from sectors like AI infrastructure and consumer stocks that have previously driven growth. This shift indicates a growing wariness among investors regarding the economic landscape, particularly as oil prices remain a critical factor influencing inflation. As inflationary pressures persist, the potential for reduced consumer spending could dampen demand for oil, further complicating the market outlook. Additionally, geopolitical tensions and supply chain disruptions continue to create uncertainty, which can lead to volatility in oil prices. Investors should closely monitor these dynamics, as any significant changes in production levels or geopolitical developments could trigger sharp price movements. Furthermore, the interplay between oil prices and broader economic indicators will be crucial in shaping market expectations moving forward. With refinery capacity also a key consideration, any disruptions in processing could exacerbate supply issues, leading to tighter markets. Overall, the current environment suggests that oil prices may remain under pressure unless there are clear signals of demand recovery or stabilization in inflation rates.

Market Commentary

Intuitive Surgical (ISRG) Drives Better Outcomes and Lower Care Costs

Crude prices are facing downward pressure as concerns about inflation and oil prices weigh heavily on investor sentiment. The Russell 3000 Growth Index's stagnation in Q3 2026 reflects a broader market shift, indicating that investors are becoming increasingly cautious, particularly regarding sectors tied to AI infrastructure and consumer spending. This caution is likely to translate into reduced demand for oil, as economic uncertainty often leads to lower consumption levels. Additionally, the ongoing discussions around sustainability are prompting a reevaluation of energy sources, which could further dampen oil demand in the long term. As inflation continues to be a concern, the purchasing power of consumers may decline, leading to decreased spending on energy-intensive goods and services. OPEC's output decisions will be critical in this environment; any cuts could stabilize prices, but the effectiveness of such measures will depend on global demand recovery. Furthermore, geopolitical tensions remain a wild card, as any disruptions in key oil-producing regions could lead to price spikes, but currently, the market appears to be more focused on economic fundamentals. Investors should remain vigilant regarding inventory data and refinery capacity, as these factors will provide insight into supply dynamics. Overall, the interplay between inflation, economic growth, and OPEC's strategies will be pivotal in shaping the oil market's trajectory in the coming months.

Market Commentary

Rollins (ROL) Misses Quarterly Estimates and Trims Full-Year Organic Growth Outlook

Rollins has missed its quarterly estimates and subsequently trimmed its full-year organic growth outlook, signaling potential headwinds for the broader market. This underperformance comes amid a backdrop where the Russell 3000 Growth Index remained nearly flat in Q3 2026, indicating a stagnation in growth stocks. The shift away from AI infrastructure and consumer stocks reflects growing investor concerns about sustainability, inflation, and oil prices, which are critical factors influencing market sentiment. As inflation persists, it places upward pressure on operational costs for companies like Rollins, potentially squeezing margins and limiting growth prospects. Additionally, fluctuations in oil prices can have a cascading effect on various sectors, particularly those reliant on energy inputs. Investors should be wary of how these dynamics may affect consumer spending and overall economic growth. The current environment suggests that companies may need to recalibrate their strategies to navigate these challenges effectively. With oil prices remaining a focal point, any significant movements could further impact investor confidence and market valuations. The interplay between inflation and energy costs will likely continue to shape investment decisions in the near term. As such, market participants should closely monitor these developments for potential implications on both individual stocks and broader market trends.

Company NewsNovember 3, 2026

Oil Continues To Fall As U.S. Bombs Iran Before Election Day

Crude oil futures fell about 1% to around $96 a barrel.

Company NewsNovember 3, 2026

Defense and Energy Stocks Are Among the Winners of a Split Congress

Investors expect that the midterm election will bring a blue wave with Democrats winning both houses of Congress.

Company NewsNovember 3, 2026

Energy Transfer approves $1.6B South Mississippi pipeline project

Company NewsNovember 3, 2026

Carl Icahn Nears Massive $4 Billion Energy Deal

The transaction would dramatically expand Icahn-backed CVR's refining footprint.

Company NewsNovember 3, 2026

Cenovus Energy (TSX:CVE) Pulls Back After A Strong Run, Is The Stock Still Undervalued?

Cenovus Energy stock: why a modest pullback is drawing fresh attention Cenovus Energy (TSX:CVE) recently declined 0.398% to close at CA$45.02 on October 29, 2026, a small move that still raised fresh questions for investors watching the energy sector. That small move comes after a sharper swing in recent sessions, with Cenovus Energy’s share price down 6.18% over the last day and 7.14% over the past month. Even so, the stock has posted a 78.59% year to date share price return and a 1 year...

Company NewsNovember 3, 2026

Enterprise Products Partners Pulled 2027 Into 2026 - Energy Transfer Didn't

Company NewsNovember 3, 2026

Shell Strengthens Its European LNG Position With New METLEN Deal

SHEL's five-year LNG deal with METLEN secures six annual cargoes from 2027, strengthening its European market presence and U.S.-sourced gas sales visibility.

Company NewsNovember 3, 2026

Energy Transfer Q3 Earnings Miss Estimates Despite Record Gas Volumes

ET's Q3 earnings miss estimates despite record gas volumes, revenues surge 85.9%, and 2026 adjusted EBITDA guidance is raised to $19.7-$19.9 billion.

Company NewsNovember 3, 2026

Energy Transfer Approves $1.6 Billion Gas Pipe as AI Use Soars

Energy Transfer LP formally committed to building a $1.6 billion pipeline that will move natural gas from eastern Louisiana across Mississippi, a move that comes as data centers and export terminals boost demand for the fuel.

Company NewsNovember 3, 2026

Cenovus Energy (TSX:CVE) Stock Looks Discounted Against Its Earnings Power

Cenovus Energy has delivered a powerful multi year share price run, which puts fresh attention on a basic question for anyone looking at the stock today: Is the current price still aligned with what the company earns? Cenovus Energy has returned about 200.9% over 5 years, so a lot of investor wealth now rests on whether that past share performance still lines up with the underlying earnings power. The planned $5.7b acquisition of Athabasca Oil, along with the expected production and cost...

Company NewsNovember 3, 2026

CVR Energy launches $750M stock offering to fund refinery acquisition

Company NewsNovember 3, 2026

Indian Refiner BPCL Buys U.S. WTI Crude Oil Cargo

Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL), one of the biggest Indian state-owned refiners, has bought 1 million barrels of U.S. West Texas Intermediate crude, trade sources told Reuters on Tuesday, as India looks to procure cheaper cargoes amid freight rates easing from the record highs hit in early October. BPCL has bought the cargo for delivery at Mumbai in late December-early January, paying a premium of some $18 per barrel over Dated Brent, according to Reuters sources. Last week, BPCL said it would reduce its purchases of crude oil from…

Company NewsNovember 3, 2026

Energy Transfer GAAP EPS of $0.33 misses by $0.08, revenue of $37.1B beats by $4.67B

Company NewsNovember 3, 2026

ADNOC Gas to Supply LNG to TotalEnergies Under Five-Year Deal

ADNOC Gas will supply up to 1.6 million tons of LNG to TotalEnergies over the next five years under an agreement announced on Tuesday by the gas unit of Abu Dhabi’s state energy firm and the French supermajor. The first LNG deliveries will begin as early as this year, said TotalEnergies, which is one of the world’s biggest LNG traders. “Thanks to its perfect location between Europe and Asia, this new supply will enable TotalEnergies to confirm its position as one of the main LNG portfolio suppliers,” said Stéphane…

Company NewsNovember 3, 2026

Marathon Petroleum to sell Minnesota, North Dakota refineries to CVR Energy in $4.2B deal

Company NewsNovember 3, 2026

Ten undervalued energy stocks with strong CapEx growth

Company NewsNovember 3, 2026

Marathon Petroleum Non-GAAP EPS of $26.93 beats by $0.93, revenue of $56.49B beats by $12.68B

Company NewsNovember 3, 2026

Marathon Petroleum Corp. Reports Third-Quarter 2026 Results

(NYSE:MPC) Marathon Petroleum Corp. reported net income attributable to MPC of $7.4 billion, or $26.59 per diluted share, for the third quarter of 2026. Adjusted net income for the quarter was $7.5 billion, or $26.93 per diluted share. Adjusted EBITDA for the third quarter of 2026 was $11.7 billion, compared with $3.2 billion for the third quarter of 2025. The company returned $3.3 billion of capital to shareholders in the third quarter of 2026. MPC announced a 10% increase in its quarterly dividend. MPLX increased its quarterly distribution by 12.5% for the third consecutive year, resulting in $3.1 billion of expected annual distributions to MPC. The company announced the divestiture of the St. Paul Park and Mandan refineries, including related midstream assets, for $4.2 billion. MPC will receive $3.45 billion of the proceeds and intends to reinvest primarily in the Gulf Coast. MPLX will receive $750 million of the proceeds, representing a 9x multiple on forecast 2027 adjusted EBITDA of the associated logistics assets. The transaction is expected to close at the end of 2026. As of September 30, 2026, MPC had $13.6 billion of cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments, including $1.3 billion of cash at MPLX, and no borrowings outstanding under its $5 billion five-year bank revolving credit facility. On September 15, 2026, MPC redeemed all of its outstanding $749 million senior notes due December 2026. As of September 30, 2026, the company had $3.1 billion remaining under its share repurchase authorizations, and the Board approved an incremental $5 billion share repurchase authorization, bringing the total available to $8.1 billion. Refining & Marketing segment adjusted EBITDA was $9.9 billion in the third quarter of 2026, or $34.15 per barrel, with a margin of $45.70 per barrel and crude capacity utilization of 100%, resulting in total throughput of 3.2 million barrels per day. Refining operating costs were $5.60 per barrel. Midstream segment adjusted EBITDA was $1.9 billion, and Renewable Diesel segment adjusted EBITDA was $254 million. Corporate expenses totaled $328 million in the third quarter of 2026. MPC's 2026 capital spending outlook (excluding MPLX) is $1.5 billion, with approximately 65% focused on value-enhancing investments and 35% on sustaining operations. Recent completed projects include Garyville Jet Flexibility (1Q26), El Paso Yield Improvement (2Q26), and Robinson Product Flexibility (2Q26). Ongoing and future projects include Galveston Bay Distillate Hydrotreater (YE27), Garyville Feedstock Optimization (YE27), and Garyville Product Export Flexibility (YE27). MPLX is investing $2.9 billion of organic growth capital, with over 90% allocated to natural gas and NGL infrastructure, and has several projects in the Permian and Marcellus basins, including Secretariat I and Harmon Creek III gas processing plants, Bay Runner and Bay Runner Twin Pipelines, BANGL Pipeline expansion, Titan Complex, Blackcomb Pipeline, Traverse Pipeline, Gulf Coast Fractionators, Gulf Coast LPG Export Terminal JV, Marcellus Gathering System Expansion, Eiger Express Pipeline, Secretariat II, and Solitude Pipeline System. Fourth-quarter 2026 outlook for the Refining & Marketing segment includes refining operating costs per barrel of $5.60, distribution costs of $1,725 million, refining planned turnaround costs of $230 million, depreciation and amortization of $390 million, and refinery throughputs of 2,830 mbpd crude oil refined and 250 mbpd other charge and blendstocks, totaling 3,080 mbpd.

Company NewsNovember 3, 2026

Shell Sells North West Shelf LNG Stake to Abu Dhabi s XRG for $1.45 Billion

Shell is selling its 16.67% non-operated interest in the North West Shelf LNG project in Australia to the United Arab Emirates’ XRG for US$1.45 billion as part of its strategy to disciplined capital allocation and portfolio choices. Shell on Tuesday announced that its wholly-owned subsidiary Shell Australia Pty Ltd has signed an agreement to sell its 16.67% non-operated interest in the North West Shelf (NWS) project to wholly owned subsidiaries of XRG for a base consideration of US$1.45 billion, subject to customary adjustments, plus an additional…

Company NewsNovember 3, 2026

Saudi Aramco Profit Beats Expectations as Oil Prices Soar

Saudi Aramco beat analyst estimates of its third-quarter profit as higher crude oil and fuel prices offset the impact of oil supply disruptions due to attacks on its assets. The Saudi state oil giant on Tuesday reported an adjusted net income of $31.2 billion for the third quarter, up from $28.6 billion for the same period last year, and easily beating a $28.7-billion analyst consensus estimate compiled by Bloomberg. Despite the attacks on the East-West onshore oil pipeline bypassing the Strait of Hormuz and other attacks on Aramco infrastructure…

Company NewsNovember 3, 2026

ADNOC’s XRG to acquire Shell’s Australian LNG plant stake for $1.45B

Company NewsNovember 3, 2026

Kayne Anderson Energy Infrastructure Fund Provides Unaudited Balance Sheet Information and Announces Its Net Asset Value and Asset Coverage Ratios as of October 31, 2026

(NYSE:KYN) Kayne Anderson Energy Infrastructure Fund, Inc. provided a summary unaudited statement of assets and liabilities as of October 31, 2026. As of that date, the Company’s net assets were $2.9 billion and its net asset value per share was $17.02. The asset coverage ratio under the Investment Company Act of 1940 with respect to senior securities representing indebtedness was 703%, and the asset coverage ratio with respect to total leverage (debt and preferred stock) was 536%. Total investments were $4,021.4 million, with total assets of $4,035.3 million. The Company reported a credit facility of $53.0 million, notes of $450.0 million, unamortized notes issuance costs of $(3.0) million, preferred stock of $156.6 million, and unamortized preferred stock issuance costs of $(0.9) million, resulting in total leverage of $655.7 million. Other liabilities included payable for securities purchased of $3.8 million, other liabilities of $18.7 million, current tax liability (net) of $12.7 million, and deferred tax liability (net) of $465.9 million, for total liabilities of $501.1 million. Net assets were $2,878.5 million. The Company had 169,126,038 common shares outstanding as of October 31, 2026. Long-term investments consisted of 98% in Midstream Energy Companies, 1% in Power Infrastructure Companies, and 1% in Other. The ten largest holdings by issuer as of October 31, 2026, were Cheniere Energy, Inc. ($473.6 million, 11.8%), Energy Transfer LP ($429.6 million, 10.7%), The Williams Companies, Inc. ($389.8 million, 9.7%), Enterprise Products Partners L.P. ($388.2 million, 9.7%), Targa Resources Corp. ($288.8 million, 7.2%), MPLX LP ($280.9 million, 7.0%), ONEOK, Inc. ($274.6 million, 6.8%), Kinder Morgan, Inc. ($229.0 million, 5.7%), TC Energy Corporation ($168.0 million, 4.2%), and Western Midstream Partners, LP ($150.7 million, 3.7%). The Company is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, and its common stock trades on the NYSE. The investment objective is to provide a high after-tax total return with an emphasis on making cash distributions to stockholders. KYN intends to achieve this objective by investing at least 80% of its total assets in securities of Energy Infrastructure Companies.

Company NewsNovember 2, 2026

Transocean Ltd. Provides Quarterly Fleet Status Report

(NYSE:RIG) Transocean Ltd. issued its quarterly Fleet Status Report detailing the current activity and contractual status of its offshore drilling fleet. The Deepwater Conqueror was awarded a two-well contract with an undisclosed operator in Equatorial Guinea and a five-well contract by an undisclosed operator in the U.S. Gulf. The Deepwater Proteus had one optional well exercised by a client, estimated at 60 days, and was awarded a ten-well contract by an unnamed operator in the U.S. Gulf. The Dhirubhai Deepwater KG2 announced a two-year binding Letter of Award with ONGC in India. The Transocean Norge was awarded a two-well contract with one single-well option by A/S Norske Shell in Norway. The Transocean Equinox had one optional well exercised by a client, estimated at 50 days. In late September, final approval was received from Equinor for the previously announced agreement for three harsh environment semisubmersible rigs in Norway: Transocean Enabler, Transocean Encourage, and Transocean Endurance. The total contract value of this agreement is approximately $1.0 billion and is now included in Transocean’s backlog. The total aggregate incremental backlog associated with these firm fixtures is approximately $2.0 billion. As of November 2, 2026, Transocean’s total backlog is approximately $8.0 billion. Transocean owns or has partial ownership interests in and operates a fleet of 27 mobile offshore drilling units, consisting of 20 ultra-deepwater floaters and seven harsh environment floaters.

Company NewsNovember 2, 2026

Viper Energy, Inc., a Subsidiary of Diamondback Energy, Inc., Reports Third Quarter 2026 Financial and Operating Results

(NASDAQ:VNOM) Viper Energy, Inc., a subsidiary of Diamondback Energy, Inc. (NASDAQ:FANG), reported third quarter 2026 net income of $300 million and a net income margin of 45%. Adjusted EBITDA for the quarter was $596 million, with an Adjusted EBITDA margin of 90%. Cash flows from operating activities totaled $447 million, representing an operating cash flow margin of 68%. Free Cash Flow was $520 million, with a Free Cash Flow margin of 79%. The company declared a Q3 2026 base cash dividend of $0.50 per Class A common share. Approximately 2.1 million Class A shares were repurchased for $90 million during the quarter. As of September 30, 2026, total debt and net debt were both $2.4 billion. Average daily production for the quarter was 69,076 bo/d (141,152 boe/d). On July 1, 2026, Viper completed the Riverbend Acquisition. On September 1, 2026, Viper closed the 2026 Drop Down, acquiring approximately 1,000 net royalty acres in the Permian Basin from Diamondback and related subsidiaries in exchange for approximately 3.8 million OpCo units and an equivalent number of Class B common shares. Lease bonus income of $4 million was received from 21 executed leases. During the quarter, 689 gross (19.0 net) horizontal wells were turned to production. As of September 30, 2026, there were 104 active horizontal rigs on Viper’s acreage, representing about 40% of the Permian Basin total, with 1,965 gross (38.9 net) horizontal wells being drilled or completed and 1,404 gross (36.4 net) horizontal wells with line-of-sight to near-term development. In September, Viper acquired mineral and royalty interests in the McElroy Ranch Acquisition for approximately $529 million, including $49 million of deferred consideration payable in equal quarterly installments through June 2029. The McElroy Ranch assets include approximately 7,359 net royalty acres in Upton and Crane Counties, with a concentrated 12% net royalty interest across roughly 60,000 gross acres, 96% undeveloped, and an expected 40.9 net inventory locations. Chevron operates about 27% of the total net inventory, and Diamondback operates about 15%. The asset currently produces about 400 bo/d from vertical wells, with forecasted peak production of 5,000 bo/d over the next decade. On September 14, 2026, Viper entered into a definitive agreement to acquire mineral and royalty interests from Buckhorn Minerals for $280 million cash and approximately 1.8 million Class A shares, with closing expected in Q4 2026. The Buckhorn assets include 1,552 net royalty acres, 80% overlapping with existing Viper acreage, and are 61% undeveloped with an expected 17.4 net inventory locations. Midland Basin primary operators are ExxonMobil (47%) and Diamondback (29%). Expected next 12 months’ average daily oil production from Buckhorn is approximately 1,500 bo/d. Pro forma net debt at year end 2026 is expected to be about $2.4 billion, equating to pro forma leverage of approximately 1.0x last twelve months Adjusted EBITDA. Inclusive of the Buckhorn Acquisition, Q4 2026 average daily production guidance is 70,000 to 71,000 bo/d (141,500 to 143,500 boe/d), and full year 2026 guidance is increased to 67,250 to 67,750 bo/d (137,000 to 138,000 boe/d). In Q4 2026 to date, Viper repurchased approximately 0.4 million Class A shares for $17 million. Third quarter 2026 average unhedged realized prices were $87.65 per barrel of oil, $0.96 per Mcf of natural gas, and $24.02 per barrel of natural gas liquids, with a total equivalent realized price of $50.52/boe. Hedged realized prices were $86.55 per barrel of oil, $0.66 per Mcf of natural gas, and $24.02 per barrel of natural gas liquids, with a total equivalent realized price of $49.51/boe. Total operating income for the quarter was $661 million. As of September 30, 2026, Viper had a cash balance of $10 million and outstanding long-term debt of $500 million in 4.900% Senior Notes due 2030, $1.1 billion in 5.700% Senior Notes due 2035, and $810 million of borrowings on its revolving credit facility, leaving $1.2 billion available for future borrowings and $1.2 billion of total liquidity. Since November 9, 2020, Viper has repurchased approximately 26.1 million shares for $844 million, with $906 million remaining on its share buyback authorization. During Q3 2026, 689 gross (19.0 net) horizontal wells were turned to production, with Diamondback operating 123 gross wells (average royalty interest 9.4%) and third parties operating 566 gross wells (average royalty interest 1.3%). As of September 30, 2026, Viper’s mineral and royalty interests totaled approximately 98,098 net royalty acres. There are currently 104 gross rigs operating on Viper’s acreage, 11 operated by Diamondback. Guidance for full year 2026 unit costs includes depreciation, depletion and amortization of $14.75 - $17.25/boe, cash G&A of $0.70 - $0.90/boe, non-cash share-based compensation of $0.10 - $0.20/boe, net interest expense of $1.90 - $2.40/boe, production and ad valorem taxes of approximately 7% of revenue, and a cash tax rate of 27% - 30% of pre-tax income attributable to the company.